NamingAspergillusspecies: progress towards one name for each species

Naming Aspergillus species: progress towards one name for each species.

The nomenclature of fungi is governed by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. That Code is revised at each International Botanical Congress. This Code has permitted most fungi expressing both sexual and asexual states (i.e., pleomorphic fungi) to be accorded separate name(s) for the asexual states. Prior to 1981, the rules on naming pleomorphic fungi had become complicated and were...

Species taxonomy for gene name normalization

Background: The task of gene normalization is to assign a unique identifier from a database to the gene mentions. Using these identifiers a great deal of information can be gathered from external databases such as interactions, pathways, sequences and protein structures. Normalizing gene mentions in articles is a difficult task as the inter-species ambiguity of the gene mentions in biomedical p...

Effective Coverage as a New Metric for Monitoring Progress towards Universal Health Coverage

Computers on wheels: an alternative to 'each one has one'

Four fifth-grade classrooms embarked on a modified ubiquitous computing initiative in the fall of 2003. Two 15-computer wireless laptop carts were shared among the four classrooms in an effort to integrate technology across the curriculum and affect change in student learning and teacher pedagogy. This initiative—in contrast to other one-to-one programmemess and stationary labs—offers public sc...

Varieties of Distributivity: One by One vs Each

Consider the contrast in interpretation between the examples in (1) and (2) below. While example (1) is compatible with events that unfold in very different ways, the addition of one by one in (2) constrains how the leaving events can proceed. Intuitively, one by one is an event modifier that targets a plural participant in the event. More precisely, it breaks the event down into temporally seq...